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The weblog of the Crime Writers' Association

Wednesday, November 30th 2005

Too Many Ways To Die


One of the inquests today involved the occasional (not common but not rare either) problem that confronts the pathologist - more than one cause of death. Post mortem examinations usually reveal more than one disease process and it is the task (and the skill) of the pathologist to rank them in order of importance. Usually this is not a problem because one disease stands out; thus if one discovers a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, one knows that this was the reason for the body appearing in the mortuary, no matter how bad the ischaemic heart disease or the emphysema. If, however, the deceased had 50% stenosis of the coronary circulation and early bronchopneumonia, it becomes a judgement call as to which one ended the affair, one made leaning heavily on history and experience.

Sometimes, though, there is nothing to give one a clue, as in the case today. In this instance an elderly lady with a long history of depression and suicide attempts decided to take her own life - there was no disagreement that this was her intention as she had fashioned a noose, taken an overdose of sleeping tablets and then jumped into a lake. My problem was that toxicology showed a lethal level of the sleeping tablets and macroscopic and microscopic examination of the lungs showed that she'd drowned (she didn't use the noose).

She did one or the other, but she didn't do both (although the Coroner, rather pragmatically, recorded the cause of death as being due to 'overdose of therapeutic drugs and drowning'). It might be explained by continued absorption and metabolism of the sleeping tablets after death but I find that unsatisfying. Once the circulation stops, there will be little more of either. Another, more appealing hypothesis, is that she had an abnormally high tolerance to the effects of the tablets, so that what would have been lethal for the rest of us was insufficient to kill her.

We'll never know, which is one of the problems with pathology.

Keith McCarthy on Wednesday, November 30th 2005 @ 07:55 PM GMT [link]

Tuesday, November 29th 2005

4-letter words


No, I don't mean love or anything like that. I mean swear words. Before I continue, I'd like to state loudly and clearly that I am not a prude. My poetry features the familiar f-word in about 1 poem out of 10. And I'm only learning to say ffffffflower because of my 3-year old daughter (who once said to me, in all seriousness: "We don't say 'duck', Mummy, we say 'damn it'").

But I digress. The point I'm trying to make is, why is modern crime literature so full of vulgar words? Agatha had no need for them, so why do we? And it is "we". I'm busy finalising a story for the CWA anthology, and I just can't help myself. Bloody and arse are all there, mingling comfortably with the familiar f-word.

Is it just a phase?

Yvonne Eve Walus on Tuesday, November 29th 2005 @ 02:32 AM GMT [link]

Monday, November 21st 2005

The tyranny of editing


We all have to do it, of course, but it doesn't make it any easier. The pleasure of writing - of creating - brings with it the pain of editing. I'm a writer, for goodness' sake; if I wanted to be pedantic and nitpicky, I'd have become a lawyer. And the pain - it's as if it were a piece of cruel torture that brings pleasure to the publisher - comes in so many forms.

The first is having to read your words again. Not for the second time, not for the third time, but quite possibly for the sixth - even tenth - time. There's only so much delight that can be squeezed from the prose, no matter how lustrous it seemed the first time it hit the page. Even Shakespeare probably got a tad hacked off with having to work his way through Macbeth's contemplation of the uselessness of living for the fifteenth time.

Then there is the problem of suddenly finding that, although you might have written something, after a gap of six months or so, you don't actually know what you meant to say. It might be a simile, a phrase, a sentence, or even a whole paragraph. Perhaps this is a personal thing - perhaps every other member of the CWA re-reads their words with perfect recall of what they meant to say - but every so often I am rather alarmed to read something that apparently I have written that strikes me as (at best) slightly peculiar or (at worst) complete garbage.

Then there is the problem of not being able to read what I have written; I read what I think I've written. Always have, always will. I can read and re-read the same sentence twenty times and still not spot the missing pronoun. This is probably littered with typos and, believe me, I have tried to spot them...

The single most galling thing, though, is the desire of publishers to help you. I have had many fights over the use of words or phrases that I quite like but that the editor seems to think is either too 'obscure' or too 'pompous' (me? pompous?) or too 'intellectual.' I have just begun to edit the fourth Eisenmenger/Flemming book (A World Full of Weeping) and have been told sternly that the Americans mumbled something about not using too many 'difficult' words.

Yes, I sometimes use words that are not in the lowest common denominator of the English lexicon and I do so deliberately.

Because authors love words.

And so, I suspect, do readers.

Keith McCarthy on Monday, November 21st 2005 @ 07:36 PM GMT [link]

Saturday, November 19th 2005

Motherhood, apple pie and being a writer

mood: :-)

I know Agatha Christie did it. A mother, a wife, a bestselling author of over 80 crime novels. What I don't know, is how. How she had the time, not to mention the mental energy, to sit down (without a word processor, mind you) and produce her 1000 words a day. Yes, she had a nanny for her daughter. And yes, some of what went on in the nursery found its way into the books ("One, two, buckle my shoe", "Ten little " and that awful rhyme in "The pocketful of rye" just to name a few). Still, her autobiography makes it sound so easy! Just go to your room and write.

The present time is no different. Mary Higgins Clark did it (wrote her first novel, I mean) at her kitchen table before her kids got up in the morning. Minette Walters has two sons. Perhaps one day they'll tell me how they do it, and I'll be as famous as they are.

For now, though, I'm going to go to my room... oh, of course, I don't have a room. I have an open-plan space that I share with my husband. For now, then, I'll go to the kitchen and finish baking the apple pie for tomorrow's play group. The prequel to "Murder @ Work" can wait.

Yvonne Eve Walus on Saturday, November 19th 2005 @ 10:56 AM GMT [link]

Friday, November 18th 2005

Suspending disbelief


I've had a lot of trouble with hangings recently. One in particular, where a gentleman 'known to the police' was found by a policeman suspended from his loft hatch. Unfortunately the constable who found him didn't cut him down immediately (he was following procedures then current in the force), contenting himself with feeling for a pulse. When he didn't find one, he assumed he was dead.

Death by hanging is a complex and, in most cases, unknowable thing. There are theoretically four ways to die when putting a noose around one's neck. The first is easy and, unfortunately, fairly rare except in the case of judicial hangings; death occurs by breaking the neck above the sixth cervical vertebra. When that happens, the respiratory and circulatory centres are severed from the rest of the central nervous system and death is instantaneous. Official hangmen used to spend a lot of time calculating the length of fall that would achieve this with the minimum of damage.

Most people, though, don't use a calculator. They come by their deaths by one combination of three mechanisms. As the noose tightens it constricts first the venous return from the brain, then its arterial supply. The brain can survive without oxygenated blood for only a very short period before damage occurs. Something else that might occur is a blockage to the upper airways; this is not usually due so much to crush injury to the trachea or larynx as to the tongue being pushed up against the back of the pharynx. Most pathologists, though, believe that the usual method of death is vagal stimulation. The vagus is the tenth cranial nerve and it runs down neck from the base of the brain to, amongst other organs, the heart. It is part of the parasympathetic nervous system, the one that acts to calm us, and it slows the heart; stimulate it enough and it stops the heart. It is thought that the act of constriction of the neck stimulates the vagus to such an extent that the heart stops. This might well happen very quickly indeed.

But stopping the heart doesn't mean death. Stopped hearts can be started, as we know from Casualty and ER. True, one doesn't have long before, as mentioned above, brain damage occurs, but one can't assume that the lack of pulse means that the soul has departed.

One other thing about hanging.

It really is incredibly difficult to kill someone by hanging and make it look like suicide. Believe me.

PS The gentleman with peritonitis following his cancer operation died a natural death because his duodenal ulcer perforated (burst). The surgical operation was a complete success.

That's life.

Keith McCarthy on Friday, November 18th 2005 @ 07:25 PM GMT [link]

Thursday, November 17th 2005

The wonders of word-processing


I spent a large part of today wrestling with the print of Book 3 which I mentioned. I work on the laptop now, and the printer I have will sometimes speak to the laptop but sometimes doesn't like it. Today Chapter 1 rolled off the presses quite happily, but Chapter 2 only printed the first page (p 25, as it happens) and stopped. Try again. Same again. And again. When I got to five copies of p 25 I gave up and tried another route.
This involved the disc drive, the printer, and two computers. It also involved files which changed mysteriously from Mac to PC in the length of a cable (why? There are no PCs in this house) and eventually three different floppies, and a recursive procedure a bit like the puzzle about the fox, the chickens and the grain crossing the river. I have no idea what happened to the page format, but I had to re-number everything from Chapter 3 onwards, and I'm sure I lost the place a couple of times. Good luck to the typesetter-- s/he may need it. The whole thing went in the post at 3.30 this afternoon.
Stiff drink time, I think.

Pat McIntosh on Thursday, November 17th 2005 @ 09:44 PM GMT [link]

Wednesday, November 16th 2005

Pat's blog. Medieval Glasgow lures.


Pat's first entry in the blog section. A good moment, as I've just finished the revision (the second? third?) of the third book about Gil Cunningham. This one is called THE MERCHANT'S MARK, is set like the first two in Scotland in 1492, and involves Gil in a lot of travelling round central Scotland, so naturally has involved me in a certain amount of field work. Stirling, Kirkintilloch, Roslin Chapel-- strange and exotic names to people elsewhere in the world, especially Dan Brown readers, but regrettably just-down-the-road to me. I'm looking forward to the opportunity to take Gil on pilgrimage or an embassy to somewhere warm and scenic, but since I keep him tied to history the opportunity doesn't arise for a few years into his future. .

Anyway I shall print this version of MARK, my printer permitting, and send it off to my editor, who has been getting a bit anxious about it. This leaves me with the fourth book lying about in first draft, and the fifth one three-quarters finished and being very sticky. Characters are refusing to act as I wish them to, the evidence isn't emerging in the right order, and while I know who did it I'm not sure whether Gil does, whether he is baffled or feeling it's obvious. He won't tell me. Alys, of course, knows all along, but then Alys knows a lot she isn't telling. Back to the typeface.

Pat McIntosh on Wednesday, November 16th 2005 @ 03:55 PM GMT [link]

Monday, November 14th 2005

I Don't Like Mondays


Mondays are usually bad because I'm the lead for Gynaecology pathology in Gloucestershire and Mondays are when we hold the weekly gynaecology multidisciplinary team meeting (MDTM); this is the meeting at which all new cases of gynae malignancy are discussed - the history is given, the X-rays are reviewed, the histology (pathology) is reviewed (by me) and then decisions are made about treatment, follow up, diagnosis and prognosis. The meeting lasts at least an hour and a half and the preparation beforehand at least another hour, which is a big chunk out of the working day. Today, though I was on for autopsies as well.

There are approximately 1100-1200 autopsies performed in Gloucestershire every year, and there are 8 of us to do them; on any given day two us are on (one in Cheltenham, the other in Gloucester). Today, in Cheltenham, there were 3, all Coroner's cases.

The first was straightforward - an elderly gentleman with a history of heart disease who suddenly collapsed whilst out with his dogs. His heart weight was twice the normal size and the muscle surrounding the scar of the old infarct (dead tissue) was scarred, liable to go into an arrhythmia at any time.

The second, though, was more problematic. Another elderly gentleman who had come into hospital for resection of a rectal cancer. Following the operation he had developed an acute abdomen and imaging showed free gas and fluid in it. The assumption was that the anastomosis (the join) had leaked. He died from this despite everyone's best efforts. When he was opened up, there was, indeed, established and generalised peritonitis (which stank). Interestingly, though, the anastomosis looked good; even more interestingly, he had a small but deep ulcer in his duodenum, one which had burrowed down into the pancreas. It is entirely possible that this was the source of his peritonitis, but until I look at samples under the microscope, I won't know.

The third was the most troublesome of all. A middle aged woman who 'enjoyed a drink.' Her husband went out; when he came back she was on the floor with her head in a pool of blood. Murder? Well, the police didn't think so. Nothing was missing, there was no sign of a struggle and the blood seemed to be coming from a cut on the side of her head (which was by the corner of a cabinet unit). When I first encountered her, the most obvious thing was the overwhelming smell of alcohol (you can actually get to feel quite light-headed sometimes - a sort of 'passive drinking' effect). There was indeed a cut on the lefthand side of her head and beneath it there was some bruising in the temporalis muscle...but that was it. No skull fracture, no obvious trauma to the brain, no intracranial bleed.

The rest of the post mortem was equally uninformative. No obvious heart disease, no pneumonia, no abdominal catastrophe.

Which is a problem.

All you can do then is take samples to examine under the microscope, take blood and urine for toxicological analysis and, in this case, suspend the brain in formalin for fixation and later expert neurpathological opinion - just in case she was an epileptic or suffering from alcohol-related brain disease. Then I ring the Coroner's office and give them the news that they hate to hear - cause of death is as yet 'unascertained.'

And when I know what she died from, I'll let you know.

If you would like to discuss any of this, please contact me through my website - www.keithmccarthy.co.uk.

Keith McCarthy on Monday, November 14th 2005 @ 08:09 PM GMT [link]

Sunday, November 13th 2005

**First Blog - Bizarrely Yours**


I'll kick off my first blog entry by telling you about a recent bizarre experience of mine.

I was asked to take part in a writing event. No, that wasn't the bizarre experience (well, not as such); it was more where this event was held and what courage I gained from it. It was in a basement cafe (sorry, but I don't seem able to do accents in this system) in Jarrold's in Norwich, as part of their store-y-line event. This was in conjunction with East Anglia's New Writing Partnership. My part in this event happened on 24 October 2005 and required me to read aloud from Love Lies Bleeding, my eleventh novel and the eighth in my humorous Rafferty & Llewellyn crime series.

Jarrold's had writers reading their books all over their store. As I said, I was in the basement cafe (this was my suggestion (!) because we were adjacent to the sharp knives, one sharp knife having featured in my latest crime novel.). I had to stand and read from my latest book, surrounded on all sides by these weary souls who had only come in for a bap, a cup of coffee, a bit of peace, and a rest for their weary shoppers' legs. As a plus (or a minus, I suppose, depending on how weary a shopper you were) they also got me: reading aloud from said latest book amidst the clatter of dishes and the screams of fretful toddlers.

Pretty bizarre. My husband came along; as bag-carrier, general factotum and to offer moral support. He said he was proud of me. That he couldn't have done it. That he'd rather have had all his teeth extracted. Without anaesthetic. (Doesn't actually count. 'Cos he already has had all his teeth extracted). But I knew what he meant. Usually, I would have felt the same. Only this experience was so surrreal, that, even more bizarrely, I didn't feel a bit nervous. A first for me.

At this point, I would like to offer a big 'Thank You', to the ladies who were seated at the table to my immediate right. You were so kind with all your encouraging smiles. Even better: you didn't lob a bun (stale or otherwise) at me once, for which I'm very thankful. So thankful, that I've taken encouragement from your restraint to do the whole thing again on 14 November at Cafe Writers in Norwich (sorry - no accent again). Hopefully, they will also lack buns, particularly those of the hard and stale variety...

An even bigger 'Thank You' to Jarrold's and all at the New Writing Partnership in East Anglia for organising such a novel, non-nerve-wracking experience. Perhaps next I should try drinking immoderately, taking off all my clothes and doing a streak at Lords?! Might get on the telly...! Maybe not.

Next blog, I'll perhaps tell you how I'm getting on at the Speakers' Club I've recently joined. And - who polishes the cups I've won (it 'aint me, ladies!). If you want to read anything more about me, try my website: www.geraldineevans.com.

Geraldine Evans on Sunday, November 13th 2005 @ 04:58 PM GMT [link]

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